Polyvinylpyrrolidone
CAS# 9003-39-8

Part 2: Going deeper

PVP, as a synthetic water-soluble polymer compound, has the general properties of a water-soluble polymer compound, colloidal protection, film-forming, bonding, hygroscopicity, solubilization, or coalescence, but its most distinctive, and therefore valued, properties are its excellent solubility and physiological compatibility. In synthetic polymers such as PVP is soluble in water, but also most organic solvents, low toxicity, good physiological compatibility is not rare, especially in medicine, food, cosmetics, which are closely related to the health of people in the field, with its raw material butyrolactone price reduction, will show its development of good prospects.

Pharmaceutical and hygiene

PVP has excellent physiological inertia, does not participate in human metabolism, and has excellent biocompatibility, does not form any irritation to the skin, mucous membrane, eyes, etc. Pharmaceutical grade PVP is one of the three new excipients for pharmaceutical use advocated by the international community, and can be used as a binder for tablets and granules, as a co-solvent for injections, and as flow aid for capsules; as a detoxifying agent for ophthalmic drugs, as a delaying agent, as a lubricant and film-forming agent for coatings, as a dispersant for liquid preparations and as a stabilizer for enzymes and heat-sensitive drugs, and as a cryopreservation agent. PVP K30 has been approved for marketing by the State Pharmaceutical Administration. The company also supplies povidone K30 with an approval number.

From a biological point of view, the molecular structure of PVP is similar to that of a simple protein model, even to the extent that its water solubility is compatible with certain small molecules and its ability to be precipitated by certain protein precipitants such as ammonium sulfate, trichloroacetic acid, tannins, and phenols. So that PVP is widely used as an excipient for drug preparations, the specific applications are as follows: ① as a binder for preparations ② co-precipitating agent ③ as a co-solvent or crystallization blocker in injectable solutions ④ coating or film-forming agent ⑤ retardant, retardant controlled release of drugs can extend the duration of action of drugs ⑥ artificial vitreous and corneal ⑦ surgical bandages ⑧ PVP iodine disinfectant. In addition, PVP can also be used as a coloring agent and X-ray contrast agent; it can be used in tablets, granules, water, and other dosage forms of drugs, with detoxification, hemostasis, increase the dissolution concentration, prevent peritoneal adhesion, promote blood sedimentation and other effects.

Food processing

PVP itself is not carcinogenic, has good food safety, can form complexes with specific polyphenolic compounds (such as tannins), in food processing, mainly as beer, juice, wine, and other food clarifiers and stabilizers. PVP can form complexes with specific polyphenolic compounds (such as tannins) so that it plays a clarifying effect and anticoagulant effect in juice and beverages. For example, Buschke H et al. added 0.01% ~0.02% soluble PVP in the fermentation tank, which can effectively reduce its freezing point. The use of PVP in the production of wine and vinegar etc. can have the same effect. Cross-linked PVP is particularly used in beer and tea beverages, where the polyphenols in beer can combine with the proteins in the beer to produce tannin macromolecular complexes, which can seriously affect the flavor of the beer and shorten its shelf life. Cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPP) can complex with tannins and anthocyanins in beer, thus clarifying the beer and improving its storage stability and shelf life. In tea beverages, the use of PVPP can appropriately reduce the content of tea polyphenols, and PVPP does not remain in tea beverages and can be reused, greatly reducing costs.

Cosmetics for daily use

In the consumption structure of PVP, the cosmetics industry in developed countries accounts for 30% to 50%, and 70% to 80% in China. As PVP has very low toxicity and physiological inertia, it is non-irritating to the skin and eyes and has a long track record of use in the pharmaceutical field, so it is safe to use in cosmetics, etc. In daily cosmetics, PVP and copolymers have good dispersion and film-forming properties, PVP has the role of protective colloid in emulsions, can be used in fatty and non-fatty creams, used as styling fluid, hair spray and mousse styling agent, hair conditioner shading agent, shampoo foam stabilizer, wave styling agent and hair dye in the dispersant and affinity agent. The addition of PVP in snow creams, sunscreens, and depilatories enhances the wetting and lubricating effect.

Detergent

PVP has anti-dirt re-precipitation properties, can be used to formulate transparent liquid or heavy dirt detergent, adding PVP in the detergent has a good effect of anti-color transfer, and can enhance the net washing ability, when washing fabrics can prevent synthetic detergents to skin irritation, especially for synthetic fibers, this performance is more prominent than carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) type detergent. PVP can be used as an active ingredient in detergent formulations with hydrogen peroxide solids to bleach and kill germs.

Textile printing and dyeing

PVP has a good affinity with many organic dyes, it can be combined with hydrophobic synthetic fibers such as polyacrylonitrile, esters, nylon, and fibrous materials to improve dyeing power and hydrophilicity. kirsh Y E et al. reported improved wet wrinkle resistance and moisture resistance in fabrics produced after graft copolymerization of PVP and nylon.

Paints and pigments

Paints and coatings coated with PVP form transparent films without affecting the original color, improve the gloss and dispersion of paints and pigments, improve thermal stability and improve the dispersion of inks and inks, etc.

Polymeric surfactants

As polymeric surfactants, polyvinylpyrrolidone can be used as dispersants, emulsifiers, thickeners, leveling agents, particle size adjusters, anti-precipitation agents, flocculants, co-solvents, and detergents in different dispersion systems.

Catalyst preparation

As an active agent to stabilize micelles for use in the preparation of core-shell catalysts.

Part III: Summary

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